Sometimes it's not obvious...
" Existem em inglês algumas palavras responsáveis por ligar duas orações ou conectar termos: essas palavras são chamadas de links, ou seja, termos de ligação. Em português elas correspondem aos conectores ou conjunções. Cada um possui sua função específica dentro da oração. Os conectores podem desempenhar a função:
1- Explicativa:
a) because (porque): She studies here because this is the best school of the city. (Ela estuda aqui porque esta é a melhor escola da cidade).
b) as (como): As she arrived late at the meeting she missed the beginning. (Como ela chegou atrasada na reunião, perdeu o início).
c) since (já que): Since you don’t want to go to the party, I’ll go with my sister. (Já que você não quer ir à festa, eu irei com minha irmã).
2- Aditiva:
a) besides (além disso): He didn’t work yesterday, besides he passed all the day sleeping. (Ele não trabalhou ontem, além disso, ele passou o dia todo dormindo).
b) moreover (além do mais). Bob didn’t come to my party moreover he didn’t phoned me (Bob não veio à minha festa de aniversário, além do mais, ele não me telefonou).
3- Adversativa:
a) but (mas): She didn’t come, but she sent a card. (Ela não veio, mas enviou um cartão).
b) however (entretanto): I imagined that you were tall, however when I saw you yesterday I discovered that I was wrong. (Eu imaginava que você fosse alta, entretanto quando te vi ontem eu descobri que estava errado).
c) nevertheless (não obstante, mesmo assim): He didn’t bring any food,nevertheless he ate a lot. (Ele não trouxe nenhuma comida, mesmo assim ele comeu bastante).
4- Conclusiva:
a) so (então, por isso): He didn’t send me any e-mails, so I will not phone him. (Ele não me enviou nenhum e-mail, então não telefonarei para ele).
b) therefore (portanto) The game begins at 8:00, therefore, hurry up. (O jogo começa às 8h, portanto, se apresse).
c) thus (por isso, portanto): I don’t like short hair, thus I don’t cut my hair very often. (Eu não gosto de cabelo curto, por isso eu não corto meu cabelo com muita frequência).
d) consequently (consequentemente): She is extremely sick today, consequentlyshe will not come to work. (Ela está extremamente doente hoje, consequentemente ela não virá trabalhar).
e) then (então): My mother will arrive in 30 minutes, then let’s organize the house. (Minha mãe chegará em 30 minutos, então vamos organizar a casa).
5- Concessiva: ou seja, expressa a ideia de permissão, autorização.
a) although (embora, apesar de): Although she hadn’t studied for the physics exam, she got a good grade. (Apesar de não ter estudado para o teste de física, ela tirou uma nota boa).
b) even though (muito embora): Even though there are a lot of dogs in the world, the majority of them do not have owners. (Muito embora existam muitos cachorros no mundo, a maioria deles não tem donos).
c) despite of (apesar de): Despite of arriving late, the teacher allowed the student to do the exam. (Apesar de ter chegado atrasado, o professor permitiu ao aluno fazer a prova)."
font:
http://www.brasilescola.com/ingles/links.htm
" Existem em inglês algumas palavras responsáveis por ligar duas orações ou conectar termos: essas palavras são chamadas de links, ou seja, termos de ligação. Em português elas correspondem aos conectores ou conjunções. Cada um possui sua função específica dentro da oração. Os conectores podem desempenhar a função:
1- Explicativa:
a) because (porque): She studies here because this is the best school of the city. (Ela estuda aqui porque esta é a melhor escola da cidade).
b) as (como): As she arrived late at the meeting she missed the beginning. (Como ela chegou atrasada na reunião, perdeu o início).
c) since (já que): Since you don’t want to go to the party, I’ll go with my sister. (Já que você não quer ir à festa, eu irei com minha irmã).
2- Aditiva:
a) besides (além disso): He didn’t work yesterday, besides he passed all the day sleeping. (Ele não trabalhou ontem, além disso, ele passou o dia todo dormindo).
b) moreover (além do mais). Bob didn’t come to my party moreover he didn’t phoned me (Bob não veio à minha festa de aniversário, além do mais, ele não me telefonou).
a) but (mas): She didn’t come, but she sent a card. (Ela não veio, mas enviou um cartão).
b) however (entretanto): I imagined that you were tall, however when I saw you yesterday I discovered that I was wrong. (Eu imaginava que você fosse alta, entretanto quando te vi ontem eu descobri que estava errado).
c) nevertheless (não obstante, mesmo assim): He didn’t bring any food,nevertheless he ate a lot. (Ele não trouxe nenhuma comida, mesmo assim ele comeu bastante).
a) so (então, por isso): He didn’t send me any e-mails, so I will not phone him. (Ele não me enviou nenhum e-mail, então não telefonarei para ele).
b) therefore (portanto) The game begins at 8:00, therefore, hurry up. (O jogo começa às 8h, portanto, se apresse).
c) thus (por isso, portanto): I don’t like short hair, thus I don’t cut my hair very often. (Eu não gosto de cabelo curto, por isso eu não corto meu cabelo com muita frequência).
d) consequently (consequentemente): She is extremely sick today, consequentlyshe will not come to work. (Ela está extremamente doente hoje, consequentemente ela não virá trabalhar).
e) then (então): My mother will arrive in 30 minutes, then let’s organize the house. (Minha mãe chegará em 30 minutos, então vamos organizar a casa).
5- Concessiva: ou seja, expressa a ideia de permissão, autorização.
b) even though (muito embora): Even though there are a lot of dogs in the world, the majority of them do not have owners. (Muito embora existam muitos cachorros no mundo, a maioria deles não tem donos).
c) despite of (apesar de): Despite of arriving late, the teacher allowed the student to do the exam. (Apesar de ter chegado atrasado, o professor permitiu ao aluno fazer a prova)."
font: http://www.brasilescola.com/ingles/links.htm
font: http://www.brasilescola.com/ingles/links.htm
You can try online exercises here or
you can try the exercise here below (the answers are below the exercises).
font: www.esec-braamcamp-freire.rcts.pt
EXERCISES
A. Link the following pairs of sentences using the linking words in brackets.
1. Ted has a blue sweater. His brother has one too. (both ... and)
2. Ted likes sweets very much. He likes good food too. (not only ... but also)
3. Mary is coming on Saturday. Her mother is also coming. (not only .... but also)
4. People speak Portuguese in Portugal Brazil and Angola
5. Mr Davis took his hat. He also took his umbrella. (as well as)
6. This coat was a good purchase. It is good. It was cheap. (what is more)
7. He cheated in his examination. He was expelled (because)
8. It was raining. Tom went to school by bus. (as)
9. It is raining very hard. We'd better stay in. (so)
10. You are so thin. You don't eat enough. (that's why)
11. He had no difficulty in getting a scholarship for the University. He was a very good student. (since)
12. Dinner is ready. I'll set the table. (since)
13. I can't afford a new car. The old one will have to do (so)
14. The authorities forbade the demonstration. They threat to put to jail all the demonstrators. (moreover)
15. They closed all the streets around the Parliament. The demonstrators couldn't get close to it. (thus)
B. Complete using one of the following linking words. More than one answer is possible in some sentences. As a result of; as well as; because; because of; besides; due to ; moreover ; not only … but also; so; that’s why; therefore
1. _______________ the fog many flights have been cancelled.
2. He looked like a beggar ____________ he was wearing shabby clothes.
3. ____________ the terrible accident they had last week, the Browns are a still in hospital.
4. The doctor’s prognosis is still reserved, _________ we don't know whether the Browns can spend the holiday at home.
5. Peter is lucky; he is ____________good-looking, __________ intelligent. All the girls like him.
6. The traffic was heavy. __________ my car broke down. __________ I arrived late to the meeting.
7. The plane was late. ___________ I couldn't arrive on time for my son's birthday party.
8. ____________ last night’s thunderstorm there was a power failure.
9. The power failure caused all kinds of problems with the computers, ___________ an enormous confusion among everybody.
10. He arrived late ____________ he missed the bus. ________ it was raining very much.
C. Link these sentences, using the correct linking word (as; as well as; because; because of; both ... and; moreover; since; so; that's why; therefore)
1. Ted is good at school. He is good at sports too.
2. I was really interested in that house. It was new. The rent was not too high.
3. Peter was found guilty. Jack was found guilty too.
4. He was a good School Captain. He won the respect of his schoolfellows
5. It's time for you to go to bed. Say good-night to everyone.
6. It is raining very much. We'd better stay in.
7. He had to buy a new coat. The old one was worn-out and shabby.
8. The boy ate so much. He had indigestion.
9. The old pipe was rusty. It had to be replaced.
10. She has been very kind to us. I'd like to offer her something she really likes.
A.
1. Both Ted and his brother have a blue sweater.
2. Ted likes not only sweets, but also good food.
3. Not only Mary, but also her mother is coming on Saturday.
4. People speak Portuguese in Portugal as well as in Brazil and Angola
5. Mr Davis took his hat as well as his umbrella.
6. This coat was a good purchase. It is good, what is more it was cheap.
7. He was expelled because he cheated in his examination.
8. As it was raining, Tom went to school by bus.
9. It is raining very hard, so we'd better stay in.
10. You don't eat enough, that's why you are so thin.
11. Since he was a very good student, he had no difficulty in getting a scholarship for the University.
12. Since dinner is ready, I'll set the table
13. I can't afford a new car, so the old one will have to do.
14. The authorities forbade the demonstration; moreover they threat to put to jail all the demonstrators.
15. They closed all the streets around the Parliament, thus the demonstrators couldn't get close to it.
1.because of (due to)
2. because
3. because of (due to)
4. so (therefore; that’s why)
5. not only… but also
6. moreover (besides) ; therefore (so; that’s why)
7. so (therefore ; that’s why)
8. Due to (because of)
9. as well as
10. because; besides
1.Ted is not only good at school, but also good at sports.(Ted is good at school as well as at sports )
2. It was a convenient house: it was new, moreover the rent was not too high.
3. Both Peter and Jack were found guilty.
4. He was a good School Captain; so/therefore/that's why/because of that he won the respect of his schoolfellows.
5. It's time for you to go to bed, so say goodnight to everyone.
6. We'd better stay in because it's raining very much (As it is raining very much, we'd better stay in.)
7. He had to buy a new coat because the old one was worn-out and shabby (The old coat was worn-out and shabby, so/therefore he had to buy a new one./ As the old coat was worn-out and shabby, he had to buy a new one.)
8. The boy ate too much, so/ that's why he had an indigestion/ The boy had an indigestion because he ate too much.
9. The old pipe was rusty, so/therefore/that's why it had to be replaced / The old pipe had to be replaced because it was rusty/ As/since the old pipe was rusty, it had to be replaced.
10. As/since she has been very kind to us, I'd like to offer her something she really likes
and now, a more complete list of connectors:
font: www.sk.com.br
| AGREEMENT | in agreement in conformity |
as per |
| COMPARISON | in the same way similarly |
likewise |
| CONTRAST | conversely despite even so even though for all that for (my, his, ...) part given that however | in (the) face of in (the) light of in spite of (that) meanwhile nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding on the other hand | then again though unlike whereas while yet |
alternatively although as opposed to at the same time but by contrast by the same token |
| EMPHASIS | in any event indeed in particular least of all let alone mainly more important(ly) | most of all naturally particularly positively primarily principally specifically | the chief factor the key point unquestionably valuable to note without a doubt |
a key feature a major concern definitely especially (not) especially significant |
| ADDITION | either ... or equally important further furthermore in addition (to) indeed jointly | likewise moreover neither ... nor next not only ... but also not to mention not to speak of | or plus similarly together with what's more |
also and (then) as well as at the same time besides |
on the contrary the truth is | |
incidentally |
| EXPLANATION OF CAUSE | now that on account of since that is because | |
as a result of because (of) | for in order that | |
| RESULT | for which reason hence in short so much (so) that so that | that is why then thereby therefore thus |
as a consequence as a result consequently |
so as to so that to | to this end with this in mind with this purpose | |
in order that in order to |
| TIME RELATIONSHIP | nowadays presently shortly (after) simultaneously since so far soon temporarily | thereafter throughout thereupon until up until now while yet at the same time | |
afterward(s) as time goes by at last at present at this point currently | henceforth immediately in the meantime lately later meanwhile | ||
| ORDERING | secondly third following next | later after that last finally |
firstly first of all in the first place |
in terms of in the midst of on the part of | |
as a rule from the standpoint of |
| ADDRESSING INFORMATION |
to whom it may concern |
as far as I understand as well as I know for the time being so far | |
as far as I can tell as far as I know |
in case of in case (that) in the event of | on condition that only if or (else) | provided (that) providing (that) whether or not | |
even if if |
at any rate | whatever the case may be |
aside from except for | other than that unless |
in particular in this case in this manner | such as take the case of that is | to illustrate | |
for instance in another case |
instead of | in exchange for |
I mean in other words more simply | that is to put it another way |
therefore | |
essentially for the most part generally | in general on the whole overall | |
as a rule basically |
this way through (which) | |
by means of |
granted that I admit | naturally of course | |
although it is true that although this may be true |
it's no wonder naturally needless to say | of course without question without a doubt | |
certainly evidently |
in summary last(ly) on the whole overall | to conclude to summarize to sum up | ||
all in all all things considered as we have seen | finally in brief in conclusion | ||
